International Journal of Sport Studies for Health
Volume:7 Issue: 2, Oct 2024

This study aims to examine the effects of socio-economic status and physical activity on anxiety, depression, and sleep quality among college students during theCOVID-19 pandemic, with an emphasis on gender differences in these relationships.

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 525 participants, including 93 men and 432 women from a university setting were recruited. Data were collected through online surveys, using standard tools, that assessed socio-economic status, physical activity levels, anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. For data analysis, regression analyses were conducted to determine the predictive power of socio-economic status and physical activity on the psychological outcomes.

Regression analysis indicated that socio-economic status significantly predicted anxiety (Women: β = -0.23, p < 0.001; Men: β = -0.21, p < 0.001), depression (Women: β = -0.25, p < 0.001; Men: β = -0.24, p < 0.001), and sleep quality (Women: β = 0.28, p < 0.001; Men: β = 0.27, p < 0.001) in both genders. Physical activity also emerged as a significant predictor, with negative associations with anxiety (Women: β = -0.19, p < 0.001; Men: β = -0.18, p < 0.01) and depression (Women: β = -0.21, p < 0.001; Men: β = -0.20, p < 0.001), and a positive relationship with sleep quality (Women: β = 0.32, p < 0.001; Men: β = 0.30, p < 0.001).

Thus, it can be concluded that socio-economic status and physical activity are crucial factors influencing psychological well-being and sleep quality among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic which address the importance of considering socio-economic disparities and promoting physical activity as potential strategies to mitigate psychological distress and improve sleep quality in this population. According to the findings, gender-specific considerations should also be incorporated into intervention designs to effectively address the unique needs of male and female students.

This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the theoretical frameworks, empirical evidence, critical analysis, practical implications, and future research directions related to tailored exercise programs and their impact on cognitive health in the elderly.

The study used a systematic literature review approach to evaluate the effectiveness of tailored exercise programs on cognitive abilities and decline in the elderly. Data collection involved searching databases like PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Google Scholar, along with manual searches of reference lists. Inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed studies with participants aged 60 and above, involving tailored exercise interventions with measurable cognitive outcomes.

The article reviews evidence on the role of exercise in improving cognitive functions in the elderly. It explores theoretical models explaining the impact ofexercise on cognition and evaluates different types of exercise, such as aerobic, strength training, and yoga. The article also investigates how these interventions can delay cognitive decline, addresses the quality and limitations of existing studies, and suggests future research directions.

The literature emphasizes the need for personalized exercise programs based on individual capabilities and environmental considerations to optimize cognitive benefits.

Gut microbiota composition plays a pivotal role in health and emerging evidence supports the ability of exercise training programs to alter the gut microbiota’s composition and function, which could counteract dysbiosis and the effects of chronic diseases. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of different exercise methods on the composition of intestinal microbiota.

We searched for published peer-reviewed articles in PubMed and Google Scholar databases up until January 2023. We searched using the terms "exercise", "education", "microbiome" and "microbiota".

By electronic search until January 2023 in the databases with keywords made in Mesh by mentioning Title/Abstract, several 1814 articles were collected. By repeating and performing filtering at each stage, 15 clinical trials were finally left in the study. The results showed varying degrees of efficacy and high inter-individual variations. In conclusion, the baseline microbiome profile was shown to have a decisive role in microbiome responsiveness to training intervention and training dose and duration seem to be a determining factor in all exercise modalities.

In general, can be said that exercise can balance GM. More importantly, exercise is proposed to present a stressor to the gut that stimulates beneficial adaptations and improves long-term gut barrier flexibility over time through regular physical activity. It seems that the GM changes caused by aerobic exercise are reversible after returning to a sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, it is recommended that exercise initially causes a disrupts in GM that, with continued exercise and thus adaptation, revenues to the pre-exercise state.

Research in sports medicine and exercise science has experienced significant growth over recent years. With this expansion, there has been a concomitant rise in ethical challenges specific to these disciplines. While various ethical guidelines exist for numerous scientific fields, a comprehensive set tailored specifically for sports medicine and exercise science is lacking.Aiming to bridge this gap, this paper proposes a comprehensive, updated set of ethical guidelines specifically targeted at researchers in sports medicine and exercise science, providing them with a thorough framework to ensure research integrity.

A collaborative approach was adopted, involving contributions from a diverse group of international experts in the field. A thorough review of existing ethical guidelines was conducted, followed by the identification and detailed examination of 15 specific ethical topics relevant to the discipline. Each topic was discussed in terms of its definition, consequences, and preventive measures.

The research in sports medicine and exercise science has grown significantly, bringing to the fore ethical challenges unique to these disciplines. Our comprehensive review identifies 15 key ethical challenges: plagiarism, data falsification, role of artificial intelligence chatbots in academic writing, overstating results, excessive/strategic self-citation, duplicate publications, non-disclosure of conflicts of interest, image manipulation, misuse of peer review, ghost and gift authorship, inadequate data retention, data fabrication, falsification of IRB approvals, lack of informed consent, and unethical human or animal experimentation. For each identified challenge, we propose practical solutions and best practices, enriched by the diverse perspectives of our collaborative international expert panel. This endeavor aims to offer a foundational set of ethical guidelines tailored to the nuanced needs of sports medicine and exercise science, ensuring research integrity and promoting ethical responsibility across these vital fields.

This article represents a seminal contribution to the establishment of essential ethical guidelines specifically designed for the fields of sports medicine and exercise science. This article charts a clear course for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers by integrating these ethical principles at the heart of our scholarly and clinical activities. Consequently, it envisions a future where the principles of research integrity and ethical responsibility consistently inform every scientific discovery and every clinical engagement.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of performance fatigue on visual perception, concentration, and reaction time among professional female volleyball players.

Methods and Materials:

The study population consisted of all professional female volleyball players in Qazvin province, with a purposive sampling method employed. A total of 24 eligible volleyballplayers were voluntarily selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Variables such as visual perception, concentration, and reaction time were assessed as psychomotor variables. The Universal Viena test battery was used to measurethese variables. The Shaw training method was employed in the study to induce performance fatigue. Factorial analysis of variance was utilized for data analysis.

The findings indicated that performance fatigue significantly affected the components of visual perception, concentration, and reaction time in professional female volleyball players (p ≤ 0.05).

As observed, fatigue can cause disturbances in psychomotor components such as visual perception, concentration, and reaction time. Therefore, it is essential that training under fatigue conditions be considered by coaches to enhance the psychomotor capacities of athletes.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of selected Pilates exercises on the quality of life among elderly residents of Kalat Naderi, focusing on improvements in physical functioning, mental health, and general well-being.

Methods and Materials:

A randomized controlled trial design was employed, with 60 participants aged 55 and above, randomly assigned to either an intervention group that participated in a structured Pilates exercise program or a control group that received no intervention. Quality of life was measured at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at a 3-month follow-up using the SF-36 HealthSurvey. Data analysis involved ANOVA with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post-hoc tests, conducted using SPSS version 27.

The intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in quality of life scores from baseline (Mean = 54.67, SD = 5.34) to post-test (Mean = 55.23, SD = 4.89), and these gains were maintained at the 3-month follow-up (Mean = 56.12, SD = 4.56). In contrast, the control group showed minimal changes over the same periods. ANOVA results indicated a significant difference between the groups (F = 23.45, p < 0.001), and Bonferroni post-hoc analysis confirmed the significance of improvements in the intervention group compared to the control.

The Pilates exercise program significantly enhanced the quality of life for the elderly participants in this study, suggesting that Pilates is an effective intervention for improving physical and mental well-being in this population. These findings indicate the necessity and importance of incorporating structured physicalactivity, such as Pilates, into the lifestyles of the elderly to promote better health outcomes and quality of life.

Self-control refers to the self-initiated ability to regulate one’s thoughts, emotions, and actions. It plays a crucial role in predicting real-life outcomes. Existing literature highlights self-control as an essential skill that can help individuals achieve their goals and enhance various aspects of their lives.

The present study aimed to determine the impact of three different sports—middle-distance running, chess, and kata—on the self-control of adolescents.

Methods and Materials:

The study employed a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population consisted of male adolescents aged 13 to 18 in Kermanshah. 48 participants were selected by a purposive sampling method. Subsequently, the sample members were randomly assigned to three intervention groups (middle-distance running, kata, and chess), along with a control group. Before the intervention, a pre-test was conducted. The experimental groups followed specific protocols for each sport over a two-month period, with training sessions held three times a week, each lasting one hour. Post-tests were administered at the end of the intervention, and a follow-up assessment occurred after two weeks. Tthe Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone Self-Control Scale (2004) and a demographic consent form were the research tools.

The study findings indicated significant differences in self-control scores across pre, post, and follow-up time intervals (Wilks’ lambda = 0.311, F(2,43) = 47.65, p < 0.00123). Additionally, there were significant differences in mean self-control scoresamong the four groups (middle-distance running, chess, kata, and control) (Wilks’ lambda = 0.199, F(9,102.37) = 10.70, p < 0.00000148).Specifically, middle-distance running demonstrated a significant improvement in self-control among adolescents compared to chess and kata (p ≤ 0.05).

Incorporating sports with specific demands, especially middle-distance running, can be an effective intervention for enhancing self-control among adolescents. Engaging in middle-distance running positively impacts self-control, offering young individualsan avenue to develop this essential skill.

Lumbopelvic-hip complex enable to indicate force energy generation containing muscle proximal and distal end group connect abdomen and proximal low syndrome to losses of segment kinetic chain.

Methodsand Materials:

Rarely postural segment distortion collapses complex movement sporting events after loading stress, accordingly dynamic postural strategies reactivate spinal balance were invesitageted. Uncommon lumbopelvic hip complex evaluation is detect to young and adult individuals using Fröhner’s posture index, according tospecific complex syndrome provable review were examined.

Fındings:

The mechanic syndrome have been explained on compartment complex to be imbalanced musculature and myofascial dystrophy. Fröhner's posture index was explained with this perspective.

A new approach to the evaluation of the lumbopelvic hip complex is postural medicine research.

Mindfulness programs and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), particularly of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), are increasingly used for therapeutic purposes in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of DLPFC stimulation compared to mindfulness exercises on cognitive performance in children with ADHD.

In this quasi-experimental study, 45 children with ADHD participated in a between-group design (mindfulness program, DLPFC stimulation, and sham stimulation) with two measurement phases (pre-test and post-test). All subjects underwent 15 intervention sessions according to their respective group. At various stages, participants were tested on cognitive flexibility (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) and working memory (Wechsler Intelligence Scale).

The results of the composite analysis of variance showed significant main effects of time, group, and the time-group interaction for the research variables, including cognitive flexibility (perseverative error and total error) and working memory. Post hoctest results indicated that the DLPFC stimulation group had significantly better scores in cognitive flexibility (perseverative error and total error) and working memory compared to the mindfulness group.

Hypoactivity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex underlies executive function deficits in individuals with ADHD, and transcranial direct current stimulation increases activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex through anodal stimulation.